ok    quote in meltingspot: "What the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve actually tells us,"
ok    quote in meltingspot: "roughly 56% is forgotten within one hour of learning, about 66% within"
ok    quote in meltingspot: "cognitive science predicts that 90% of the material will be gone by Fr"
ok    quote in meltingspot: "If 90% of that training content is not retained past the first week, t"
ok    quote in meltingspot: "roughly $940"
ok    quote in talentlms: "found that within an hour of learning new information people tend to f"
ok    quote in murre_dros_2015: "studies"
ok    quote in talentlms: "tend to forget up to 90% of what they've learned within a month."
ok    quote in todaysclass: "on average we forget 50% of new information within an hour, and about "
ok    quote in todaysclass: "Within 30 days, we forget up to 90% of what we learned."
ok    quote in trainmeuk: "Why Employees Forget 70% of Training in 24 Hours (The Ebbinghaus Effec"
ok    quote in trainmeuk: "a biology problem."
ok    quote in ours_april: "Hermann Ebbinghaus established the lower bound in 1885. Without reinfo"
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_ch7: "The investigations in question fell in the year 1879-80 and comprised "
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_ch7: "This saving in work is each time the measure for the amount remembered"
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_ch7: "it would be just as reasonable to be surprised at this initial rapidit"
ok    label (not a quotation: the retellings' claim, paraphrased (compare TalentLMS, Today's Class, our April essay)): "half in an hour"
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_table23_scan: "So much of the series learned was retained that in relearning a saving"
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_table23_scan: "The amount forgotten was thus equivalent to v% of the original in term"
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_ch7: "1 hour"
ok    label (not a quotation: the summary table's row label, read off the scan): "8.8 hours"
ok    label (not a quotation: the retellings' claim, paraphrased (compare TalentLMS, Today's Class, our April essay)): "Half in an hour"
ok    label (not a quotation: the retellings' claim, paraphrased (TrainMeUK headline, TalentLMS, Today's Class)): "Seventy percent in a day"
ok    quote in talentlms: "about 25%"
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_ch7: "forgotten"
ok    quote in talentlms: "new information,"
ok    quote in meltingspot: "training content,"
ok    quote in talentlms: "what they've learned."
ok    quote in mcdowall: "you cannot legitimately convert savings scores into 'percentage forgot"
ok    quote in trainmeuk: "80% within a month"
ok    quote in talentlms: "up to 90%"
ok    quote in meltingspot: "memory of new material follows an exponential decay curve."
ok    quote in todaysclass: "the percentage of information retained declined exponentially over tim"
ok    quote in mcdowall: "Ebbinghaus's exponential decline curve"
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_ch7: "with merely approximate estimates, not involving exact calculation by "
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_ch7: "this initial rapidity and later slowness."
ok    quote in rubin_wenzel_1996: "to 105 different 2-parameter functions."
ok    quote in rubin_wenzel_1996: "The best fits were to the logarithmic function, the power function, th"
ok    quote in murre_dros_2015: "One subject spent 70 hours learning lists and relearning them,"
ok    quote in murre_dros_2015: "The results are similar to Ebbinghaus' original data."
ok    quote in murre_dros_2015: "the corrected savings measure would be 0.137 for the 31 day interval i"
ok    quote in murre_dros_2015: "is still well below the values for the three others."
ok    quote in murre_dros_2015: "is not completely smooth but most probably shows a jump upwards starti"
ok    quote in murre_dros_2015: "The current body of research on sleep and memory would predict such a "
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_ch7: "would fit in well with the other observations to consider the number 3"
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_ch7: "it is upheld by observations to be stated presently, so that I am in d"
ok    quote in murre_chessa_2023: "measured memory retention in terms of the learning time saved in subse"
ok    quote in murre_chessa_2023: "prove mathematically that Ebbinghaus' savings measure is independent o"
ok    quote in murre_chessa_2023: "with often used forgetting functions based on recall probability."
ok    quote in bahrick_1984: "The analysis yields memory curves which decline exponentially for the "
ok    quote in bahrick_1984: "The great majority of subjects rehearse so little that the data reveal"
ok    quote in bahrick_1984: "predictable on the basis of the level of original training,"
ok    quote in bahrick_1984: "Large portions of the originally acquired information remain accessibl"
ok    quote in rubin_wenzel_1996: "Humans"
ok    quote in todaysclass: "Newly learned information"
ok    quote in ours_april: "Most of it within a week"
ok    quote in ebbinghaus_ch7: "for a certain individual, and for a series of 13 syllables."
ok    blockquote = our April 26 passage, verbatim (439 chars)
ok    April passage contains the phrase the essay corrects: humans
ok    April passage contains the phrase the essay corrects: newly learned information
ok    April passage contains the phrase the essay corrects: most of it within a week
ok    April passage contains the phrase the essay corrects: lower bound
ok    attributed to meltingspot: "roughly 56% is forgotten within one hour of learning, about 66% within"
ok    attributed to meltingspot: "cognitive science predicts that 90% of the material will be gone by Fr"
ok    attributed to meltingspot: "If 90% of that training content is not retained past the first week, t"
ok    attributed to meltingspot: "roughly $940"
ok    attributed to meltingspot: "memory of new material follows an exponential decay curve"
ok    attributed to meltingspot: "What the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve actually tells us"
ok    attributed to meltingspot: "spend an average of $1,254 per employee per year on training"
ok    attributed to talentlms: "found that within an hour of learning new information people tend to f"
ok    attributed to talentlms: "studies have shown that, without reinforcement, people tend to forget "
ok    attributed to todaysclass: "on average we forget 50% of new information within an hour, and about "
ok    attributed to todaysclass: "Within 30 days, we forget up to 90% of what we learned"
ok    attributed to todaysclass: "the percentage of information retained declined exponentially over tim"
ok    attributed to trainmeuk: "Why Employees Forget 70% of Training in 24 Hours (The Ebbinghaus Effec"
ok    attributed to trainmeuk: "It's a biology problem"
ok    attributed to trainmeuk: "80% within a month"
ok    attributed to mcdowall: "you cannot legitimately convert savings scores into "percentage forgot"
ok    attributed to mcdowall: "Ebbinghaus's exponential decline curve"
ok    attributed to ebbinghaus_ch7: "The investigations in question fell in the year 1879-80 and comprised "
ok    attributed to ebbinghaus_ch7: "Each double test consisted in learning eight series of 13 syllables ea"
ok    attributed to ebbinghaus_ch7: "The learning was continued until two errorless recitations of the seri"
ok    attributed to ebbinghaus_ch7: "This saving in work is each time the measure for the amount remembered"
ok    attributed to ebbinghaus_ch7: "for a certain individual, and for a series of 13 syllables"
ok    attributed to ebbinghaus_ch7: "with merely approximate estimates, not involving exact calculation by "
ok    attributed to ebbinghaus_ch7: "However, it is upheld by observations to be stated presently, so that "
ok    attributed to ebbinghaus_ch7: "k = 1.84"
ok    attributed to ebbinghaus_ch7: "c = 1.25"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "One subject spent 70 hours learning lists and relearning them"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "20 minutes, 1 hour, 9 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 6 days and 31 days"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "The second author, J. Dros, (22 years, male) was the only subject"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "who was 29 during his experiments in 1879"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "published only in German, without an English abstract"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "it has never been cited in international journals in English"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "an average increase in learning time of 2.67 s per day for a list"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "the corrected savings measure would be 0.137 for the 31 day interval i"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "is still well below the values for the three others"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "University of Amsterdam"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "the two subjects in an earlier German replication"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "we did not have the seven months available that Ebbinghaus invested in"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "Heller O , Mack W , Seitz J ( 1991 )"
ok    attributed to murre_dros_2015: "Zeitschrift für Psychologie 199 : 3 - 18"
ok    attributed to murre_chessa_2023: "prove mathematically that Ebbinghaus' savings measure is independent o"
ok    attributed to bahrick_1984: "Retention of Spanish learned in school was tested over a 50-year perio"
ok    attributed to bahrick_1984: "Tests of reading comprehension, recall, and recognition vocabulary and"
ok    attributed to rubin_wenzel_1996: "A sample of 210 published data sets were assembled"
ok    attributed to rubin_wenzel_1996: "Each was fit to 105 different 2-parameter functions"
ok    Chapter VII text has no 'lower bound' / 'lower limit' / 'minimum'
ok    MeltingSpot: 56/66/75 and the Friday 90% sit in the first section; the $1,254 in the next
ok    date/byline: MeltingSpot published 2026-06-08
ok    date/byline: TalentLMS published 2023-03-30
ok    date/byline: TalentLMS modified 2026-09-21
ok    date/byline: the TalentLMS page names itself 'TalentLMS Blog'
ok    date/byline: Today's Class 2023-05-05
ok    date/byline: Today's Class modified 2025-04-28
ok    date/byline: TrainMeUK published 2025-12-03
ok    date/byline: McDowall published 2025-11-09
ok    date/byline: McDowall byline
ok    date/byline: our April essay published 2026-04-26
ok    table23: column II + column IV = 100 on every row
ok    table24 observed column = table23 savings column
ok    table24: observed - calculated = printed difference on every row
ok    table24: the largest miss of the seven is at 1 day, +3.3
ok    his formula (k=1.84, c=1.25) reproduces his calculated column within 0.1
ok    with a rounded 60 minutes his formula gives 47.26, not his printed 46.7 (the exact 64 is needed)
ok    Murre & Dros Table 3 parsed: 7 intervals
ok    M&D Table 3 Ebbinghaus column = the scan's column II / 100, to the digit
ok    M&D Table 3 Dros column = (learning - relearning repetitions) / learning, Table 1, all 7 intervals: [0.472, 0.373, 0.276, 0.317, 0.23, 0.168, 0.041]
ok    M&D Table 2 average at 31 days from seconds: (1684 - 1532) / 1684 = 0.0903, printed 0.090
ok    one-day saving >= nine-hour saving in three of four columns (Mack, Seitz, Dros)
ok    MeltingSpot 56 = round(55.8) = 56
ok    MeltingSpot 66 = round(66.3) = 66
ok    MeltingSpot 75 = round(74.6) = 75
ok    $940 as a share of $1,254 = 75%
ok    90% of $1,254 = $1,129
ok    90 minus the table's maximum 78.9 = 11
ok    column II drop, 20 minutes to one day = 24.5
ok    column II drop, six days to 31 days = 4.3
ok    largest column IV value = 78.9%
ok    Dros six-day loss, column-IV terms, the largest of four at six days = 83.2%
ok    Mack 31 days, column-IV terms = 74.2%
ok    Seitz 31 days, column-IV terms = 79.9%
ok    Dros 31 days, column-IV terms = 95.9%
ok    Dros 31 days drift-corrected (0.137), column-IV terms = 86.3%
ok    Dros 31 days from Table 2 seconds (0.090), column-IV terms = 91.0%
ok    relearning at 64 minutes as share of learning (column IV, rounded) = 56%
ok    relearning at 31 days as share of learning (column IV, rounded) = 79%
ok    saving when the second session takes 70% as long = 30%
ok    saving when relearning takes 60% as long = 40%
ok    refit output: four model rows
ok    refit: his formula RMSE 1.73, 24.5 at 7 d, 21.3 at 30 d
ok    refit: power law RMSE 1.91
ok    refit: exponential RMSE 9.10, 32.4 at 7 d, 16.3 at 30 d
ok    recomputed: his formula RMSE 1.731
ok    recomputed from the printed a, s: exponential RMSE 9.104
ok    exponential error / his formula's error = 5.26 (more than five times)
ok    exponential at t=0 (a), rounded = 40%
ok    exponential at 20 minutes = 39.9%
ok    exponential at one day = 38.8%
ok    every number in the essay body is a checked figure or a declared constant (203 tokens)

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